https://www.engineegroup.us/journals/archive-of-biomedical-science-and-engineering A Peertechz Open Access Journal en-us 20 Aug, 2025 https://www.engineegroup.us/articles/ABSE-11-136.php A series of novel fluorophenyl-substituted 1,2,4-triazole derivatives were synthesized and characterized via NMR spectroscopy. The synthetic pathway involved key transformations including hydrazinolysis, isocyanate coupling, and cyclization reactions. The structural elucidation confirmed the successful formation of target compounds through spectral analyses. The antimicrobial activity of the synthesized compounds was evaluated against Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis), Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium) and fungal strains (Candida spp.) using the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) method. Among the tested derivatives, compounds 6a–6f exhibited significant antimicrobial potency, with MIC values as low as 6.25 µg/mL against E. coli and S. aureus. In contrast, earlier-stage intermediates (4a–5c) demonstrated moderate to weak activity, indicating that structural modifications such as fluorophenyl-triazole hybridization enhanced biological efficacy. To further analyze the structure-activity relationship, chemotype clustering was performed, categorizing the synthesized derivatives based on their core scaffolds and functional groups. This clustering approach provided insights into the impact of different substituents on antimicrobial efficacy, highlighting key structural features contributing to bioactivity. The most active compounds, 6a–6f, displayed promising antibacterial activity comparable to standard antibiotics (tetracycline and ampicillin) and exhibited moderate antifungal effects. These findings suggest that fluorophenyl-triazole hybrids are potential candidates for antimicrobial drug development. Further studies, including in vivo evaluations, mechanism of action investigations, and expanded chemotype clustering analyses, are warranted to explore their full therapeutic potential. 19 Apr, 2025 https://www.engineegroup.us/articles/ABSE-11-135.php Red plum apricot is a deciduous fruit tree and the best cash crop in semi-arid loess hilly regions of China. Since 1995, the distribution area of the apricot has spread in most of the water-limited regions, China and the yield and benefits of red plum apricot increased dramatically. Since 2017, China has put forward high-quality development, and red plum apricot must carry out high-quality production. But, as the red plum apricot tree grows, Low temperature and frost, Hazards of heart-eating insects, and soil desiccation will appear, and seriously influence the yield’s quantity, quality, and benefits of red plum apricot. However, there are few reports on the method for High-quality production of red plum apricot. In this study, the effectiveness of different methods of controlling Low temperature and frost, and the Hazards of heart-eating insects and soil desiccation were estimated. The results show that the greenhouse method was the most effective for controlling Low temperature and frost, spraying Beta-cypermethrin is still the better method for controlling Hazards of heart-eating insects. When the soil water resource in the maximal infiltration depth is lower than the soil water resource use limitation by red plum apricot, the plant water relationship enters the key period of plant water relationship regulation. The critical period ends when plant water regulation becomes ineffective of plant water relation regulation. When plant density exceeds the soil water vegetation carrying capacity, the plant water relation should be regulated, and then regulate the Vegetative growth and Reproductive growth on the appropriate leaf quantity when the plant density is equal to the soil water vegetation carrying capacity and the leaf fruit relation. 22 Feb, 2025 https://www.engineegroup.us/articles/ABSE-11-134.php Objective: To determine the association of caregiver burden with functional disability in chronic stroke survivors in Peshawar. Background: Stroke is a condition that is clinically defined as an acute, focal neurological deficit in function that is caused by vascular injury (hemorrhage, infarction) to the central nervous system. The second common cause of death worldwide and the third most common cause of death and disability combined, according to the Global Burden of Disease 2019 stroke burden estimates. “A person who lives with the patient and is most closely involved in taking care of him/her at home” is the definition of the caregiver. Stroke is a severe and debilitating disease that can disrupt daily life, reduce life expectancy, and lower the quality of life for survivors and their families. Methodology: It was a cross-sectional study to explore the association between caregiver burden and functional disability in chronic stroke survivors. Data was collected from 210 patients for assessing functional disability through the Functional Independence Measure (FIM) and data was also collected from 210 caregivers for assessing caregiver burden through the Zarit Burden Scale. Results: This study showed that out of 210 patients, 39.0% had total dependence/complete functional disability, 28.1% had moderate dependence/moderate disability, 22.4% had partial dependence/partial disability, and 10.5% had complete independence/no functional disability. The 210 stroke survivors’ caregivers revealed that 22.9% experienced no to mild burden, 20.5% mild to moderate, 28.6% moderate to severe, and 28.1% severe burden. The study found no significant association between caregiver burden and functional disability among 210 participants, with a p - value of 189.8, which is greater than 0.05. Conclusion: This study concluded that there is no significant association between Caregiver burden and functional disability among 210 participants, with a p - value of 189.8, which is greater than 0.05. 22 Jun, 2024 https://www.engineegroup.us/articles/ABSE-10-133.php The effect of solutionizing temperature, soaking time, and quenching media on the structure and mechanical properties of silicon bronze (Cu-10wt%Si-2wt%Ni) has been examined. The samples were produced using the sand casting technique, machined to the required dimensions, and solutionized at temperatures of 700 oC, 800 oC, and 900 oC for 0.5, 1.5, 2.5, and 3.5 hrs and quenched in brine and oil respectively. The prepared as-cast and solution heat-treated samples were subjected to mechanical tests (hardness, and impact strength tests) as well as microstructural analysis. The results of the microstructural analysis revealed the presence of coarse grains and coarse sparse distribution of Ni2Si precipitate in the as-cast sample while the surface morphology of the heat-treated samples consisted of fine grains of intermetallic compounds evenly dispersed in the copper matrix. It was also observed that the microstructures of samples solutionized at lower temperatures (700 oC) revealed finer grains with better grain distributions compared with samples solutionized at higher temperatures (800 oC and 900 oC). These microstructural changes led to the improvement of the hardness and impact strength of the alloy. The hardness value of the as-cast sample 48.5 HRB, increased to 53.7 HRB and 57.8 HRB after solid solution heat treatment at 700 oC for 3.5 h and cooled in brine and oil, respectively. It was also observed that the hardness of the brine-cooled samples increased further to 72.45 HRB after 3.5 h at 900 oC. The results obtained also showed that the solid solution heat-treated samples gave an optimum impact strength value of 214 J/m3 and 183 J/m3 from the samples solutionized at 900 oC and 800 oC for 3.5 h and 1.5 h and cooled in brine and oil respectively. This was concluded to be a result of solid solution alpha and beta phases formed which improve energy absorption in the alloy. 28 May, 2024 https://www.engineegroup.us/articles/ABSE-10-132.php Ingredients of food, especially sugar and starch at high-temperature cooking processes could lead to the formation of acrylamide (AA). This chemical is a harmful carcinogen, a neurotoxicant, a reproductive toxicant, and a carcinogen in animal species. However, the detection of acrylamide contamination in food goes unnoticed. In this work, the mouse monoclonal antibody in the form of a single chain variable fragment (scFv) specific to acrylamide was selected from the murine scfv (muscfv) phage-displayed library. Acrylamide (AA) was used as an antigen for bio-panning. The murine single-chain variable fragment (MuscFv) antibody specific to acrylamide in coffee was successfully constructed, which was determined by ELISA and HPLC. Currently, this is the first study, which describes the selection of antibodies against acrylamide from the muscfv phage-displayed library and could be used as a tool for the detection of acrylamide in coffee. 06 Feb, 2024 https://www.engineegroup.us/articles/ABSE-10-131.php Background: Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest due to hypoxia, it is necessary to provide adequate oxygen for correction of the cause. So, the purpose of this study was to compare the overall quality of CPR, willingness to perform ventilation using ventilation aids, and self-efficacy compared to the enlisted ventilation method (MMV) by educating the general public on pocket masks (MPV), which are respiratory aids. Methods: This study was a randomized controlled comparative study, in which 110 study subjects were listed with numbered names in the order in which they applied for training, and random numbers were named A (MMV method) and B (MPV method) in that order. Randomization generated a random number order using the SAS program, and the generated random numbers A and B were arranged from 1 to 110 in the order in which they applied for training, through this, they were classified into A groups (N = 57) and B groups (N = 53). The study subjects classified into Group A received CPR training including enlistment ventilation on April 22, 2023, and the trainees in Group B received CPR training using a ventilator on April 29, 2023. Results: The primary outcome is that the result of the comparison of ventilation quality is the mean Tidal Volume (TV) before training for MPV is 1076 ± 422, whereas the mean TV for MMV is 1015 ± 510 (p < 0.05). After training, the mean tidal volume (TV) for MPV is 876ml ± 422, whereas the mean TV for MMV is 1001 ± 516, indicating that MMV resulted in a significantly higher tidal volume than the ILCO guidelines. After training, comparing the time per ventilation cycle, the MPV group showed 0.923sec ± 0.432, while the MMV group showed 1.021sec ± 0.535 (p < 0.05). After completing two ventilations, it is evident that there is a delay in starting the next chest compression in the MMV group compared to the MPV group (MMV: 10.21 ± 4.112 vs. MPV: 9.88 ± 2.831, p < 0.05). Conclusion: As a result of this study, the researcher recommends adding training on pocket masks when educating artificial respiration in CPR training conducted in Korea, given that the performance accuracy of pocket masks is high and the efficient ventilation rate is high. 17 Oct, 2023 https://www.engineegroup.us/articles/ABSE-9-130.php The dynamic mechanical properties play an important role in the selection of suitable materials in the manufacturing wing of aircraft and wind turbine blades. In this paper, the standard Taguchi method was used to examine the effect of inter-ply stacking angles of 0° (UD), 0/90° (cross-ply), 5°, 15°, 10°, 20°, 25° 30° and aging temperature (ambient temperature, 40o, 60o) on the dynamic mechanical properties of bioinspired asymmetric helicoidal Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastic (CFRP) composites. The standard Taguchi’s L18 was used. The signal-to-noise ratio and analysis of variance were introduced to analyze and estimate the optimal combination parameters. The results show the dynamic mechanical properties are linearly correlated to the fiber architecture and aging temperature. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) indicates that inter-ply stacking angles (15°, and 20°) and aging temperature (40o, 60o) are the main significant factors affecting the dynamic mechanical values at a 95% confidence level. Inter-ply stacking angles are finally noted as critical factors affecting the extent of macromolecular mobility within helicoidally stacked continuous fiber CFRP composites. A confirmation test validated the optimized results and it was found that there were improvements in S/N ratios from initial to optimal setting. The experimental and expected results are very close, with an error ratio not exceeding 5%. 04 Aug, 2023 https://www.engineegroup.us/articles/ABSE-9-129.php Biomedical engineering has experienced significant growth by combining engineering principles with biomedical sciences. This multidisciplinary approach has led to the development of innovative medical equipment, improved medical imaging techniques, advancements in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, as well as the integration of data analysis and medical informatics. These developments have the potential to enhance patient care, improve quality of life, and address healthcare challenges. Ongoing interdisciplinary cooperation and the application of scientific discoveries will continue to shape the field of biomedical engineering. 27 Aug, 2022 https://www.engineegroup.us/articles/ABSE-8-128.php Today, jaundice is one of the most common problems in newborns. Loss of Red Blood Cells (RBC) is the cause of jaundice. RBC rupture is known as hemolysis, and if hemolysis occurs faster than the liver excretes, bilirubin levels in the body rise and leading to jaundice. Bilirubin is directly soluble in water and is transported to the liver and excreted in stages, most of which is excreted in the feces and a small amount is excreted in the urine. Measuring bilirubin levels in infants is one of the essential tests after birth. In measuring the amount of jaundice in infants, complex components such as the formation of body organs, compounds on the skin of the infant, and other parameters are involved. Making a device to measure the amount of jaundice. The difference in the methods of measuring and treating jaundice in infants depends on the condition of the infant with jaundice. Non-invasive methods are used in infants with low bilirubin levels, but in acute and critical cases, invasive and direct methods are used. Jaundice tests are performed on both infected and healthy infants and are not limited to sick infants. 29 Jun, 2022 https://www.engineegroup.us/articles/ABSE-8-127.php The study aims to assess the role of imprint cytology in the diagnosis of thyroid nodules and compare it with paraffin Section in the diagnosis of thyroid lesions. It included 40 patients who visited Private Hospitals in Aleppo during the period from April to December 2021. The results indicated that there were 19 patients with thyroid cancer, representing 47.5%, of whom 14 were diagnosed with Papillary Carcinoma, with a percentage of 35%, and 5 cases with Follicular Carcinoma, with a percentage of 12.5%, while the remaining cases included 21 patients with Benign Adenomas at a rate of 52.5%, including 11 cases of Hashimoto’s disease at a rate of 27.5% and 10 cases of Benign Follicular Tumors at a rate of 25%. These results were compared with Paraffin Sections and reached sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy in diagnosis for this technology, 94.73%, 95.23% and 95%, respectively, and the positive predictive value was 94.73%, while the negative predictive value was 95.23%. The results also indicated that this technology is fast in determining the Histologic Grading of Tumor Differentiation, but it does not determine the Histological Type. It also indicated that there was a significant association between gender and the incidence of thyroid tumors, while no significant statistical evidence was observed between age and the possibility of thyroid cancers. 01 Sep, 2021 https://www.engineegroup.us/articles/ABSE-7-126.php The Hodgin-Huxley model is one of the most widely studied biological systems of nonlinear differential equations that is applied to explore nerve cells activities via electrical communications. In this paper we consider some numerical aspects of a simplified version of this model known as the FitzHugh-Nagumo (FHN) equation. Dynamical experiments conducted herein not only confirm those obtained from earlier studies but also facilitate a better understanding of the qualitative features of the FHN model especially those that initiate the behavior a threshold-triggered excitation media. To this end, methods of dynamical system analysis such as bifurcation and linear stability analysis are deployed to investigate the general qualitative features of an inhibitor-activator system which characterizes the FHN system of equations. 27 May, 2021 https://www.engineegroup.us/articles/ABSE-7-125.php The prospect considered of the using Super Critical Fluids (SCF) for extraction fat, ethereal oil from seed grape. Possibility of the use is shown for this and its problems bound by accessibility of the high-priced equipment. In the last decennial event in developed country of the world is actively developed problem of the rational use material in supercritical condition in closing technological cycles and the other high technology. One of the decisions given problems is a using as extract liquefied carbon dioxide. In the world spreads exactly CO2 extraction. This is bound in the first place with that that this process highly profitable, more technological, allows to produce the conversion not only high-quality cheese, but also departure production for the reason extraction of them main component for giving more high quality low sort of the product. The Extraction by carbon dioxides in liquefied condition greatly increases the spectrum selected biologically active join, as well as allows to get such concentrations biologically active material in final product, which impossible get nor one of other known methods of extractions. 10 May, 2021 https://www.engineegroup.us/articles/ABSE-7-124.php Aircraft performance is highly affected by induced drag caused by wingtip vortices. Winglets are wing tip extensions and are used to minimise vortices formation to improve fuel efficiency. They are usually used in heavier transport aircraft due to higher operation costs and higher fuel consumption due to higher range missions. The research conducted for this thesis was used to investigate if the use of winglets in lighter low speed aircraft is beneficial in any way in terms of aerodynamic efficiency. This project includes a subsonic wind tunnel experiment used for validation of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) analysis, performed on a fixed rectangular wing of a NACA 653218 aerofoil and a 3D printed blended winglet. The objectives of the analysis were to compare the aerodynamic characteristics of rectangular wing with different types of winglets and perform a parametric study to modify the winglets in order to optimise efficiency and reduce fuel consumption, as well as investigate the effects of surface roughness on the turbulent boundary layer. The wind tunnel experimental analysis was performed at sea-level conditions. The CFD simulations were performed at low subsonic flow in ANSYS CFX using Finite Volume Method, replicating the wind tunnel closed-loop conditions. The cfd findings were compared to existing data and to wind tunnel results. The investigation results indicate that the modified winglets designed for optimization, significantly affect the aerodynamic efficiency compared to traditional winglets or no winglets and were estimated to produce an approximate increase in lift to drag ratio of 40% using a modified winglet. A specific shape of curved winglet was found to be very effective at redirecting flow away from the wing and further research is recommended in this type of curved winglet .The effects of the surface roughness on the turbulent boundary layer are recommended for investigation as were not able to be completed due to campus laboratories lockdown. 18 Mar, 2021 https://www.engineegroup.us/articles/ABSE-7-123.php This study started in July 2020 during the COVID 19 pandemic period to analyze & visually illustrate insights of data of biomedical facilities’ information. The objective of this study is to present major issues faced, solutions found, and a roadmap for future work in developing visual analytics for interactive & data visualization for biomedical facility applications. This chapter starts with a brief introduction of data mining and data visualization, followed by a description of data mining tasks and we’ll build a decision tree model, followed with the concrete examples on various data visualization charts(namely Histogram, Bar Chart, Pie Chart, Line graph, etc), this paper which is intended for visual analysis of “Bed availability rate” in hospitals and decision support for patients and is based on Data Mining & Visualization techniques. 12 Dec, 2020 https://www.engineegroup.us/articles/ABSE-6-122.php Aim: Polyherbal formulations have been an area of interest for researchers. Ethnobotanicals are evaluated for their effectiveness against diseases as an alternative for synthetic drugs. The present review aimed to discuss the efficacy of the polyherbal formulation. Method: In the present study, all the relevant data collected from classical texts and research articles from various offline and online sources included Scopus, Web of Science, and PubMed, for the current status of the polyherbal formulation. The present review circumscribes the importance of polyherbal formulation. 11 Dec, 2020 https://www.engineegroup.us/articles/ABSE-6-121.php Background: In Primary Open Angle Glaucoma (POAG), the most common form of glaucoma in people of African origin, it is established that retinal ganglion cells are lost due to apoptosis. Loss of WDR36 (OMIM 609669) function has been shown to result in activation of the p53 stress-response pathway, a key regulator of apoptosis. However, there is controversy surrounding its contribution in the pathogenesis of POAG. We aimed to establish an association between 3 WDR36 gene polymorphisms and POAG. Methods: We assessed 798 glaucoma medical records and selected 209 POAG cases. A total of 26 POAG cases residing in Yaoundé completed the study and 19 controls were matched for age and gender. Dried blood spots on Whatman filter paper grade 3 were used for DNA extraction by the Chelex method. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) was conducted with two sets of primers on rs1971050, rs10038177 and rs10038058 followed by Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP) using restriction enzymes AluI on rs1971050, rs10038177and ApoI on rs10038058 to determine the genotypes. Results: After digestion, the homozygous mutant form of rs1971050 was evidenced in both groups of our study population T/T (100%). The T and the A alleles were the most common alleles found in our study population and were not associated with POAG. Heterozygote and homozygote mutant genotypes were obtained in both groups for rs10038177 (POAG group C/T (7.7%) and T/T (92.3%) and in the control group C/T (10.5%) and T/T (89.5%)) and rs10038058 (G/A (11.5%) and A/A (88.5%) genotypes in the POAG group and in the control group G/A (10.5%) and A/A (89.5%)). These genotypes were not associated with Primary Open Angle Glaucoma (POAG). Conclusion: Homozygous mutant genotypes of rs1971050, rs10038177 and rs10038058 may not be associated with the disease process of primary open angle glaucoma in Cameroon. 15 Sep, 2020 https://www.engineegroup.us/articles/ABSE-6-120.php We have been asked by friends, many who are not scientists, how far droplets from a sneeze, cough or breathing travel before they disappear largely through evaporation or just simple settling in an indoor environment. Basically, how does the virus spread in indoor environments and how effective are masks. Which particles penetrate deep into your lungs, and why do your lung capillaries become leaky? These are not simple questions because they depend on temperature, relative humidity and most importantly the initial size of the droplet or aerosol. Where does the 6 feet separation distance come from? 14 Sep, 2020 https://www.engineegroup.us/articles/ABSE-6-119.php Bacteriocin has proved its potential as an alternative therapeutic molecule. The discovery of bacteriocin has been a miracle to combat Antibiotic Resistance including both multidrug-resistant and chronic bacterial infections. They are ribosomally synthesised Anti-Microbial Protein (AMP), produced by bacteria [1,2]. Many species of bacteria develop this antimicrobial defence for self-preservation and competitive advantage. In comparison to antibiotics bacteriocin are sensitive to proteases and being undisruptive for human consumption [3]. Bacteriocins are small cationic (30–60 amino acids), membrane-permeabilizing peptides produced by Gram-positive (small- 2-6kDa)/negative (large- >10kDa<20kDa) bacterial species. Bacteriocins of Gram-negative bacteria are usually released through cell lysis often dependent on SOS regulation. Gram-positive bacteria follow self-regulated and dedicated transport mechanisms to release bacteriocin. These bacteriocins have a varied spectrum of activity, mode of action and biochemical properties [4,5]. 11 May, 2020 https://www.engineegroup.us/articles/ABSE-6-117.pdf Any electrolytic system in aqueous media is described with use of charge balance, f0 = ChB, and K elemental or core balances, fk = f(Yk) (k = 1,…,K). The balances: f1 = f(H) and f2 = f(O) are the basis to formulate the linear combination f12 = 2⋅f2 – f1 = 2⋅f(O) – f(H). 07 Apr, 2020 https://www.engineegroup.us/articles/ABSE-6-116.php As I noticed, some obvious points are missed in recent correspondence in the International Journal of Osteopathic Medicine considering the mechanism and effectiveness of Craniosacral therapy. considering phenomena of Craniosacral therapy as a placebo and statistical regression won’t be dismissed. The recognition of Mr. Maddick’s that the present explanatory model is useless should be commended [1]. 02 Mar, 2020 https://www.engineegroup.us/articles/ABSE-6-115.php Two-dimensional 1H-NMR is used to determine the intra-molecular interactions of O-(2-hydroxypropyl) cellulose (HPC) in aqueous (D2O), DMF and DMSO solutions. Four grades HPC with different molecular weights are analyzed by using NOESY (Nuclear Overhauser Effect Spectroscopy) for proton-proton cross-interactions. A strong dependence of the polymer chain structure on the HPC Molecular Weight (MW) is overserved. The lower MW HPCs exist in solutions as a more linear chain showing less proton-proton interactions whereas the higher MW HPCs are more twisted and bended and form a tangled molecule mess with very intensive interactions between the -CH3, -CH2- and -C-H protons. From all the grades, the ultra-low molecular weight HPC-UL (MW 20,000) revealed the weakest proton-proton cross-relaxations and exists in solutions probably only as an almost linear chain polymer. 12 Feb, 2020 https://www.engineegroup.us/articles/ABSE-6-114.pdf The Simms constants (gi) concept is put in context with equations for some acid-base titration curves, formulated for D+T systems, with titrand D and titrant T prepared according to normal and isomolar mode. The relationships between gi and successive dissociation constants (Ki) values for polyprotic acids are formulated. The mathematical formulation of dynamic buffer capacity concept is presented in general and elegant form, involving all soluble species formed in the system where only acid-base reactions are involved. The Simms constants are identified with protonation micro-constants related to specific basicity centers. 12 Aug, 2019 https://www.engineegroup.us/articles/ABSE-5-113.pdf The general property of electrolytic systems in aqueous media is presented. The linear combination f12 = 2∙f(O) – f(H) of elemental balances: f1 = f(H) for Y1 = H and f2 = f(O) for Y2 = O, is put in context withcharge balance (f0 = ChB) and other elemental and/or core balances fk = f(Yk) (k=3,…,K) related to the system in question It is stated that f12 is (a) linearly independent on f0,f3,…,fK for a redox system, or is (b) linearly dependent on f0,f3,…,fK when related to a non-redox system. 05 Jul, 2019 https://www.engineegroup.us/articles/ABSE-5-112.php 3D bioprinting is computer-aided technology used to generate 3D models of organs. Employing this technique, organ and tissues are generated according to the patient body. 3D structures are formed by the deposition of bioink. 25 Jan, 2019 https://www.engineegroup.us/articles/ABSE-5-111.php This article presents a method of QRS complex detection and more precisely the R wave in an electrocardiogram (ECG) based on the mathematics morphology which calls upon the four operators’ morphology, erosion, dilation, opening and closing. These operators are combined with a window relocated which is called the structuring element. Morphological filtering uses the structuring element to extract the shape information from ECG signal. The effectiveness of the proposed algorithm is tested by using recordings obtained from the MIT-BIH arrhythmia database. Experiment results show that the proposed algorithm outperforms the other algorithms. 31 Dec, 2018 https://www.engineegroup.us/articles/ABSE-4-110.php In this study, temperature sensitive polymeric nanoparticles were prepared by emulsifier free emulsion polymerization. N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPA) has been used as main monomer to give temperature sensitivity and poly(ethyleneglycol) ethyl ether methacrylate (PEG-EEM) has been added to recipes as comonomer to aid in particle formation. The effect of NIPA, PEG-EEM and crosslinker content on particle size has been investigated. Temperature sensitivity or lower critical solution temperature (LCST) of the nanoparticles has been followed by Zeta Sizer as change in particle size. In order to determine the protein adsorption capacity of nanoparticles, adsorption experiments have been investigated as a function of temperature and PEG-EEM amount. 21 Dec, 2018 https://www.engineegroup.us/articles/ABSE-4-109.php Tryptamine was converted to the corresponding 1,2,4-triazole, 1,3,4-oxadiazole, 5-oxo-1,3-thia(oxa)zolidine and 5-(4-chlorophenyl)-1,3-thia(oxa)zole derivatives via several steps. 1,3,4-oxadiazole and 1,2,4-triazoles were then converted to the corresponding Mannich bases containing fluroquinolone core using a one-pot three-components procedure. Conventional and microwave-assisted methods were applied for all syntheses. All the newly synthesized compounds were screened for their antibacterial and most of them were found to have good–moderate antibacterial activity. 02 Apr, 2018 https://www.engineegroup.us/articles/ABSE-4-108.php Here in this brief we take a quick look into the use of certain biomedical devices and their benefits. At the same time, it is suggested that there are questionable practices by manufacturers, which raise concerns about corporate mores in general and around Ethics. 10 Mar, 2017 https://www.engineegroup.us/articles/ABSE-3-107.php Stress Echocardiography is an established technique used all over the world as a non invasive evaluation of patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) and also an important method to evaluate myocardial viability and the contractile reserve. 16 Dec, 2016 https://www.engineegroup.us/articles/ABSE-2-106.php Background: The present study was carried out to evaluate the antibacterial properties of different extracts of Borassus flabellifer belonging to the family Arecaceae, which has been using to treat different illnesses. 23 Jan, 2016 https://www.engineegroup.us/articles/ABSE-2-105.php The ability to recover to the original shape only at the presence of the right stimulus is traditionally known as the shape memory effect (SME) [1]. The materials with such a capability are technically termed shape memory materials (SMMs) [2]. 17 Dec, 2015 https://www.engineegroup.us/articles/ABSE-1-104.php Introduction: Bacterial cellulose (BC) can be used in wide area of applied scientific, especially for tissue regeneration and regenerative medicine, lately, bacterial cellulose mats are used in the treatment of skin conditions such as burns and ulcers, because of the morphology of fibrous biopolymers serving as a support for cell proliferation, its pores allow gas exchange between the organism and the environment. 28 Sep, 2015 https://www.engineegroup.us/articles/ABSE-1-103.php Introduction: The aim of this study is to fabricate and characterize human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-targeted indocyanine green (ICG)-loaded poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) nanoparticles (HIPNPs). 08 Jun, 2015 https://www.engineegroup.us/articles/ABSE-1-102.php Introduction: Coronary Artery Disease (CAD), one of the leading causes of death, is narrowing the walls of the coronary arteries. Angiography is the most accurate but invasive and costly CAD diagnosis method associated with mortality. The aim of this study was to design a computer-based non-invasive CAD diagnosis system. 02 May, 2015 https://www.engineegroup.us/articles/ABSE-1-101.php Introduction: In magnetic resonance (MR) image analysis, noise is one of the main sources of quality deterioration not only for visual inspection but also in computerized processing such as tissue classification, segmentation and registration. Consequently, noise removal in MR images is important and essential for a wide variety of subsequent processing applications. In the literature, abundant denoising algorithms have been proposed, most of which require laborious tuning of parameters that are often sensitive to specific image features and textures. Automation of these parameters through artificial intelligence techniques will be highly beneficial. However, this will induce another problem of seeking appropriate meaningful attributes among a huge number of image characteristics for the automation process. This paper is in an attempt to systematically investigate significant attributes from image texture features to facilitate subsequent automation processes.